siemens



. 3'Sheets- Sheet 1. Y

Patented May 3,188.

F. SIEMENS. Construction of Lamps.

(No Model.)

No.. 24i,07?.

Wjzmsmv N. Prsns, Pham-Limogmpher. washington, D. c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

F. SIEMENS. Construction of Lamps.

Patented [Way 3,1881..

N. PErERs, Phamhognphar. washingwn, D. c.

(NM/10aa.) A s sheets-sheen 3,

P. SEMENS.

Construction of Lamps. No. 24i,0??. Paten-ted May 3,1881.

W/'ness eff: v W zwenfaf:

' M f wm@ N. PErERs. Phwmhugmpher. Washington, D. cA

Y @Ntra STATES ATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK SIEMENS, OF DRESDEN, SAXONY, GERMANY.

CONSTRUCTION OF LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 241,077, dated May 3, 1881.

Application tiled January 5, 1881. (No model.) Patented in Germany March 25, 1879, in Great Britainv April 16, 1880, in France May 3i, 1880, and in Belgium June 3, 1880.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FREDERICK SIEMENS, a citizen of Saxony, residing at Dresden, in the Empire of Germany, have invented a new and useful Improved Construction of Lamps, (for which I have obtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 1,561, bearin g date April 16, 1880,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a construction of lamps wherein the heat of the products of combastion from the flame is imparted to the airsupply or to the combustible gas, or to both, for increasing the illuminating power of the llame, by causing such products of combustion and the air or gas to pass in opposite direc tions through adjacent regenerative chambers or passages filled with materials offering extended surfaces for giving off and taking up heat. I construct such lamps as follows:

An annular burner, consisting, by preference, of a number of smallvertical tubes rising from an annular chamber into which the combustible gas passes, has its central space formed into a regenerative chamber containing materials offering extended surf'aces for taking up heat, which chamber communicates at bottom with a passage or pipe leading to a chimney, and is extended upward at top to a certain height beyond the level of the burner,such extension being, by preference, of reduced diameter. This inner chamber serves for the downward passage of the products of combustion, which pass into it from the top of the flame, at its upper end, and are drawn downward through it by the draft of the chimney, into which the products escape after imparting the greater part of their heat to the sides of the chamber and the materials contained therein. Surrounding the outside of the burner is a second chamber, open at its upper and lower ends, also containing material offerin g extended surfaces, which material becomes heated by conduction and radiation from the heat given off to the central chamber, and imparts such heat to the air passing upward through the chamber on its way to the llame of the burner, at or about the level of which the chamber terminates, and at which point it is, by preference, made of reduced diameter. At the upper edge of such outer chamber, as also surrounding the extension of the inner chamber at a certain distance above the top of the burner, I prefer to provide ann ular notched or comb-like shields, which serve to divide the heated air-supply into a number of separate jets, that are made to impinge upon the outer and inner surfaces of the llame, thereby increasing its Vividness and steadiness. As the llame ot' the burner is drawn inward directly over the top of the inner chamber, it is necessary to carry this up 6o to such a height as to afford the desired length of flame. For this purpose I tit onto the upper end of such chamber, which terminates at a moderate height above the burner, a separate cylinder, by preference of lire-clay or other suitable refractory material that will readily withstand the high heat of the flame at that point, and that can be renewed when it becomes deteriorated.

I prefer to construct the filling of the regen- 7o erative chambers o'f lamps of the kind above referred to of a number of perforated hollow cones of metal or lire-clay placed one above the other, so' that the currents of the products of combustion or the air, in passing through the perforations of each cone in succession, are effectually broken up and each particle thereof brought into intimate contact with heat-absorbing or heat-impartiti g surfaces.

According to one arrangement for produc- 8o ing the requisite downward draft in the central chamber ofthe above-described lamp, Iconnect the lower end thereof to a pipe or pipes that is or are led up to and open into a tube situated immediately above the chimney of the 8 5 lamp. By this arrangement, when the lamp is first lighted the whole of the products of combustion will pass up through the chimney and impart heat to the tube above, by which means a draft will be induced in the said pipe or pipes 9o leading from the bottom of the central chamber, and after a short interval of time this draft will be sufficiently powerful to draw the whole or a great proportion of the products of vcombustion downward through the chamber.

According to another arrangement, suitable more particularly where a number of burners are arranged round a central stem, the arms supporting the burners constitute the pipes for leading off the products of combustion from roo the lower ends of the central regenerative chambers to a tube forming part of the central stem, and constituting a chimney of sufficient height for maintaining the requisite draft, this being in the first instance produced by the ignition of a gas-jet inside the chimney. This gas-jet may be afterward extinguished and the draft be continuously kept up by not quite extinguishing the Haines ot' the. burners when not in use.

Lamps of the above-described construction may be adapted to burn eii'ectually and with a steady ilame without the aid ot' a chimneyglass to the burner. For this purpose the outer regenerative chamber is made of increased vertical length, so as by the increased column of heated air passing up through it to obtain sutiicient intensity of the air-current for effecting perfect combustion and steadiness ot' flame. In this case the upper end of the outer chamber may be closed outside the burner, the whole of the air being made to pass into an annular space inside the burner, whence it is detiected in divided jets on the tiame by the before-mentioned annular notched shield or deflector. When lamps constructed as above described are used in the open air the flame. may be protected against the wind by a suitable lantern, by preference of bell shape, having a wide opening at bottom.

Figuresl to of the accompanying drawings show one arrangement of mybefore-described improved lamp. Fig. 1 shows an elevation; Fig. 2, an enlarged vertical section on line NV W,Fig. 3; Fig.3, a vertical section on line XX, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a section on lneYY Y, Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 shows a section on line Z Z, Fig. 2.

a a is a cylindrical chamber, into which illuminating-gas is conducted through a pipe, a', which may either project from a wall or bracket or form part of a gaspendant. In the top of the chamber is iixed a ring of small tubes, c c, through which the gas issues in a number of small jets, thus forming an annular burner. Within the chamberais formed a second chamber, fi, having a lateral opening communicating with the flue-tube i', andan upper opening concentrieall y within the burner c and communicating with the lower end of the regenerative chamber b. This chamber contains one or more perforated metallic cones, d, and has its upper end contracted somewhat, as shown, and extended a certain height above the tops of the burner-tubes c. Upon such upper portion is lixed the notched shield or deiiector g, and above this is fitted a separate cylinder, 7c, by preference of re-clay, but which may also be of other suitable heat-resistin g material.

Surrounding the outside of the gas-chamber a is a casin g, c, extending up to nearly the tops of the burner-tubes c, an annular space intervening between the two, into which are introduced encor' more perforated conical frusta, f,

Mand which constitutes the regenerative chainber for heating the air-supply that enters the casing at the open lower end. The upper end of the casing e is turned over and notched, as

shown at h, so as to form an outer notched air detlector.

The tluetube t" may lead to any convenient flue or passage for prod uci n g the requisite draft; but by preference it is connected, as shown at Fig. l, to a tube,2, immediately above thelamp, the action of which will be presently explained.

The upper part of the casing c is surrounded by a gallery, o, carrying a lamp-glass, a, a metal continuation, a', ot' which opens into the closed lower end of the tube i2, a slide or throttle valve being .provided at a2, whereby this communication may be more or less restricted.

The action ot' the lamp is as follows: Illuminating-gas being admitted into the chamber a and the jets c being ignited, the lamp will first burn in the ordinary manner-that is to say, the air for supporting combustion will pass up through the frustaf, and bein gpartl y caused to flow to the inner side of the ring ot tubes will enter into combustion with the gas, and the resulting iame will be drawn upward by the draft created by the chimney-glass. After this has continued a short time (a few seconds being suttieient) the tube i2 will have become heated, and will alsoghave heated the tube i', by conduction, to such an extent as to induce a certain current in an upward direction in the latter, and in consequence of the suction thus produced at the upper end of the cylinder k a portion of the heated products of combustion will be caused to pass downward from thetiame through the regenerative chamber b and ehamber i into the flue-tube i', whence they will pass into the tube i2. On now more or less closing the communication between the chimney-glass o and the tube i? nearly the whole of the products ofcombustion will be caused to pass downward in the direction above indicated, and will thus impart their heatto the sides and filling of the regenerative chamber b. This heat will be imparted, partly by radiation and partly by eon duction, to the regenerative chambereand gastubes c, and consequently, also, to the air and gas passing up through them, thus producing a greatly-intensified light by their combustion. which is still further increased by the action ot' the notched air-deflectors in dividing up the airsupply into a number ot' small currents iinpinging on each side of the tiame.

By continuing the air-casing c some distance downward, as shown, and making it of heatconducting material, a column of heated air of sufiieient height will be produced therein to cause an air-current of sutticient intensity for effecting perfect combustion without the aid of the chimney-draft, so that in certain cases the lamp-glass may be dispensed with.

A small annular space is left between the cylinder o forming the gallery and the casing c, through which a small air-current passes, serving to protect the glass n from becoming overheated. As the flame of thelampis drawn downward over the edge of the. cylinder k by the down-draft it will be seen that the length of this cylinder will determine the height of the flame.

IOC

IIO

It is of the greatest importance that lamps arrangement the transmission of heat from the products to the air will be more perfect than with any other arrangement; and, secondly, because by this means the beforedescribed draft of heated air to the burner independently of a chimney-draft is obtained.

The peculiar form of the regenerator-iillingnamely, perforated cones or conical rings of metal or other heat-resistin g material-is also of great advantage in offering extended surfaces for taking up and giving off heat in chambers that are comparativelyof small height and width, and, as compared with horizontal plates, these cones not only afford greatly-increased surface, but also the possibility of providing a much greater number of perforations, which is of great advantage for the perfect action of the regenerators. In small apparatus, however, the filling in for the regenerators may be dispensed with, as the surfaces of the chambers b and e will ot' themselves be sufficient for eecting the requisite interchange of heat. In this case it is of advantage to make the sides of the chamber b of corrugated or ribbed metal.

The lamp may either be suspended by the gas-supply pipe a or by the iiue-tubesi or i2, or it may be supported on a stand or in any other convenient manner, and two or more may be combined as a candelabrum. The tube 2 may either be merely continued up a sufficient height to create the requisite draft or it may be connected to a flue or passage for leading oft' the products of combustion or the flue-tube t" may be connected directly to a chimney-tine, the tube i2 being dispensed with.

Fig. 6 shows a vertical section, and Fio. 7 a sectional plan on line VV of Fig. 6, of a modified construction of the before-described lamp. rBhe same parts are indicated by the same letters of reference. In this case the annular gaschaniberahas connected toits central opening a double flue-tube, i', communicating with the regenerator b, for the products of combustion, which branches to either side ot' the lamp and is connected at top to the iiuetube i?. rEhe construction and action of the lamp arc otherwise the same as previously described. `When two or more such lamps are used in combination as a candelabrum they may be arranged as shown in elevation at Fig. S, where the products of combustion are caused to pass through the hollow arms t i to the central stennp, the extension 11 of which forms the chimney-liuc for creating the requisite draft. For producing such draft in the first instance a gas-jet is provided in p', which may be afterward extinguished, andthe draft may be maintained while the lamps are notin use by keeping them burnin g with a small iiame during that time.

Lamps of the above-described construction may be adapted to burn ei'ectually and with a steady iiame in the open air without the aid of a chimney-glass to the burner. For this purpose the outer regenerative chamber is made of increased vertical length, so as, by the increased column ofheated air passing up through it, to obtain sufficient intensity ofthe air-currentfor etfeetin g perfect combustion and steadiness of dame.

Figs. 9,10, and 11 show, respectively` a vertical section, a plan, and a sectional plan on line U U ot' Fig. 9, of a construction of lamp in which the regenerative chamber e for heating the airis made of some height, and constitutes a pedestal for the lamp, and may either be filled with conical perforated rings, as be fore described, or with wire-gauze or other suitable material, as indicated. The upper end of the chamber may either be entirely open, as in the previous arrangement, and provided both with an inner and an outer notched shield, or the space outside the burner maybe closed at w and the whole of the heated air be caused to pass between the burner-tubes to the inner space, y, whence it is caused by the notched shield g to impinge in divided jets upon the flame. The filling of the inner regenerative chamber, b, is in this caseformed of perforated cones of nre-clay, d, formed in one with cylindrical pieces d', that are separate from each other, so that they can be separately removed and renewed when defective. The lower end of the chamber b communicates with an underground iiue, q, leading to a chimney-tine for producing the necessary draft.

This lamp would burn with a perfectly steady iame withoutaglassinaquiescent atmosphere; but when employed in the open air it should be protected from the wind or draft by a lantern, and by preference I employ for this purpose a bell-shaped glass with large opening at bottom, as shown.

rIhe lamp-glassr(sl1own at Figli) is by preference made of the inverted-bell shape shown and of opal glass, an inverted conical mirror, s, being titted onto the upper edge thereof, in order to reiiectlaterally and downward thatportion of the light which otherwise is projected upward, and is thus more or less entirely lost.

Having thus described the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim- 1. rlhe regenerative chamber through which the products of combustion pass, the nllin g of which presents extended heat-absorbing surfaces, in combination with other chambers or passages through which the air and gas supply to the lamp pass, substantially as described.

2. The central regenerative chamber within the annular burner, through which the products of combustion pass downward from the flame, in combination with an annular regenerative chamber surrounding the burner, thron gh which the air passes upward.

3. In lam ps wherein the products ot' combustion pass downward from the iiame through a IOS IIO

IIS

central regenerativel cham ber, a cylindrical eX- tension of such chamber, constructed of fireclay or other heat-resisting material, and projecting up beyond the burner to such a height as to afford the requisite length of Haine, substantially as herein described.

4. A filling for the regenerative chambers of lamps, consisting of superposed hollow perforated cones or conical rings or frusta of suitable heat-resisting material, through the perforations of which the air or gases are made to pass, to take up heat therefrom or impart heat thereto, substantially as herein described.

5. In lamps having regenerative chambers for taking up heat from the products of con]- bustion and imparting such heat to the gas and air supply, a notched air deliector or shield, whereby the air-supply is caused to impinge in divided currents against the fla-ine at or above the level of the burner, substantiall y as herein described.

6. In regenerative lamps, the combination ot'` the burner-tubes c, the regenerative chambers ae, provided with filling df, the notched shield or dedectors g h, and the tubular extension k,

' a e, tubular extension 7c, flue-pipe it', and chimney 2, arranged and operating as herein described with reference to Figs. l to Gof the accompanying drawings.

S. In regenerative lamps, 'the regenerative chamber e, for heating the zur-supply, having a downward extension in order t0 produce an upward air-current o f sufcient intensity t0 effect perfect combustion without the aid of a chimney-draft, substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 .of the drawings.

In testimony whereof l have signed my naine to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FREDERICK SIEMENS.

Witnesses CHARLES DENTON ABEL, JN0. P. M. MILLARD. 

